دروس في حروف الجر

[انا شيعي من النجف]

اللهم صل على محمد وآل محمد
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته


الاخوة والاخوات الموالين والمواليات


سندرج لكم دروس بشكل اجزاء على حروف الجر والتي هي


اعاني منها انا شخصيا واستشكل في هذا الامر



لماذا حروف الجر؟
الحقيقة أحببت التركيز على حروف الجر لأسباب متعددة:
1. لأنها في الغالب مهملة من قبل الكثيرين المتعلمين والمعلمين.


2. اعتقاد الكثيرين بأنها مشابهة تماماً لحروف الجر في اللغة العربية وهذا الاعتقاد غير صحيح.


3. تصنيفها في العادة في آخر كتب القواعد مما يجعل المتعلم يركز على بدايات الكتب التي تتحدث في الغالب عن الأسماء، الصفات، الأفعال ... إلخ


4. قلة الكتب المؤلفة فيها - سواءاً كتب أهل اللغة أو الكتب المترجمة – مقارنة بمواضيع القواعد الأخرى


وسندرج لكم درس الـ ABOUT والـ ABOVE والـ Across



1
ABOUT




x 1. About identifies a topic or concerning a certain subject
This course is about prepositions




x 2. About can identify the cause of an emotion or condition
Example: We are excited about our vacation




x 3. About can mean approximately
Example: It's about nine o'clock





x 4. About can mean in all parts of
Example: Papers were scattered about the house





x 5. About can mean to be ready or prepared to do something
Example: The game is about to finish






More example




The news about sports was exciting
The reports about the meeting are ready
John loves tales about dinosaurs
Mary often speaks about her adventures in India
The students talked about nothing but the exams
Do you worry about world problems
Have you ever dreamed about being lost
The dogs eat about a pound of meat a day
The library is about three miles from the house
The race is about to start





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2
ABOVE



x 1. Above can mean in or at a higher place
Example: A dark cloud was above the house


x 2. Above can mean higher in rank, value, or power
Example: A sergeant is above a private


x 3. Above can indicate something written earlier in a book, article
Example: See the instructions above


x 4. Above also means more than
Example: James is six inches above the average height


x 5. Above can mean too good or honorable to
Example: Mary is above cheating



More examples


Let's hang the picture above the sofa
Her blood presure is above normal
In the navy, a captain is above a commander
Please follow the above tips
The policeman is above cruelty
Our friends live in the apartment above ours
He values honesty above money
The supervisor is above the workers
The English books are on the ****f above the history books


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3
Across



x1. Across indicates the direction of movement from one side to the other
Example: The man ran across the yard


x2. Across on the other side of a place
Example: My friend lives across the street


x3. Across from means opposite or facing
Example: My secretary sits across from me


x4. Across can also means in every area of
Example: People across the world are using the Internet



More examples


Sultan swam across the swimming pool
It took an hour to row across the lake
Layla walked across the park
The mosque is across from my house
She sliced across the top of the watermelon
The baby crawled across the room
Bookstores can be found across the country



Notice
Verbs like crawl, drive, go, limp, move, ride, run, swim, walk are used before across to show movement from one side to the other

[انا شيعي من النجف]

اللهم صل على محمد وآل محمد

الدرس الثاني لحروف الجر



1
After

x 1. After means later than or following
Example: Susan always sleeps after lunch

x 2. After can mean behind in place or order
Example: B is after A in the alphabet

x 3. After means next to or lower than in importance
Example: Lieutenants rank after captains

x 4. After means with the name of
Example: Saudi Arabia was named after Mohammad bin Saud

x 5. After also means because of
Example: After her rudeness to him, he never calls her again

x 6. After can mean despite or in spite of
Example: After his great success, he still wants more

x 7. After means in pursuit of or in search of
Example: The cat ran after the mouse

x 8. After can mean following continuously
Example: The bored lecture went on hour after hour



More examples

They always go to school after breakfast
After the match they returned to the hotel
Water was listed after juice on the menu
Freshmen are after sophomores in seniority
Washington Monument is named after George Washington
After the worker's bad behavior, the boss fired him
After their criticism of the house, they bought it
Peter chased after the ball
Day after day she waited for her daughter to call

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2
Against


x 1. Against means in a opposite direction to
Meaning: The bird flew against the storm


x 2. Against means in forcible contact with
Meaning: Waves crashed against the shore


x 3. Against means in hotstile opposition to
Meaning: The citizen voted against the unjust law


x 4. Against means contrary to
Meaning: Stealing is against the law


x 5. Against means as a defense or protection from
Meaning: The kids were vaccinated against smallpox


x 6. Against means as contrast, in comparison with
Meaning: The red tie looks good against that blue shirt


x 7. Against means touching, leaning on for support
Meaning: The tired child leaned against her mother

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3
Ahead of

x 1. Ahead of means in fornt of
Example: My friend arrived first, and was ahead of me in line

x 2. Ahead of means before or in advance of
Example: London is about five hours ahead of New York

x 3. Ahead of can mean more advanced than
The Japanese are ahead of us in their research


More examples

I could see the other car about half a mile ahead of us
Sultan and Mohammad arrived a few minutes ahead of us
Riyadh is about two hours ahead of Jeddah
She walked alone ahead of the crowd
The path ahead of him was dark
We reached the airport ahead of you
The project has been completed two months ahead of the schedule

[انا شيعي من النجف]

اللهم صل على محمد وآل محمد


الدرس الثالث في دروس حروف الجر



1
Ahead of


x 1. Ahead of means in fornt of
Example: My friend arrived first, and was ahead of me in line



x 2. Ahead of means before or in advance of
Example: London is about five hours ahead of New York


x 3. Ahead of can mean more advanced than
The Japanese are ahead of us in their research



More examples


I could see the other car about half a mile ahead of us
Sultan and Mohammad arrived a few minutes ahead of us
Riyadh is about two hours ahead of Jeddah
She walked alone ahead of the crowd
The path ahead of him was dark
We reached the airport ahead of you
The project has been completed two months ahead of the schedule


----------------------------------
2
Along




X 1. Along means in a line or at a point next to the length of
Example: We walked along the river to the town




More examples




She planted flowers along both sides of the driveway
They saw no one along the way to town
She lives in a house along the shore
The signs along the highway were brightly lit
She walked slowly along the road
Carry on along this street until you get to the traffic lights
We were driving along the King's Road



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3
Among


x1. Among means in the middle of or surrounded by
Example: The baby crawled among his many toys


x2. Among also means in the group, one of
Example: He's among the best English teachers in Kingdom


x3. Among expresses things shared by more than two
Example: Divide the money among the five workers


x4. Among also means with each other
Example: The boys fought among themselves over the toys


x5. Among means by cooperating
Example: We should be able to raise the money among us


x6. Among can mean with all
Example: That hairstyle is popular among teenagers



More examples: x


She is like a bee among flowers
He found the letter among his old papers
The children were lost among the crowd
He was chosen among the best football players of 21st century
She is among the best students at English
Deal the cards among all the players
Distribute the food among the poor families
We talked the problem over among ourselves
Bowing is customary among the Japanese

[انا شيعي من النجف]

اللهم صل على محمد وآل محمد

الدرس الرابع من دروس حروف الجر



1
Against


x 1. Against means in a opposite direction to
Meaning: The bird flew against the storm


x 2. Against means in forcible contact with
Meaning: Waves crashed against the shore


x 3. Against means in hotstile opposition to
Meaning: The citizen voted against the unjust law


x 4. Against means contrary to
Meaning: Stealing is against the law


x 5. Against means as a defense or protection from
Meaning: The kids were vaccinated against smallpox


x 6. Against means as contrast, in comparison with
Meaning: The red tie looks good against that blue shirt


x 7. Against means touching, leaning on for support
Meaning: The tired child leaned against her mother

----------------------------------

2
Around

x 1. Around means in a circular direction or on a boundary of something
Example: The family sat around the table and talked

x 2. Around means here and there or near
Example: The rumors going around the office aren't true

x 3. Around means on or to the farther side of
Example: The park is around the next corner

x 4. Around means about or at approximately
Example: I'll see you around seven o'clock



More examples: x

We saw seventeen huts around the lake
The desks formed a circle around the classroom
She wore a ribbon around her neck
She walked around the block
Ten houses are being built around the neighborhood
They drove all around city looking for their lost kid
The pilot flew around the storm
The garage is around the house to the right
Around the hill you'll see the river
They'll arrive around three

------------------------------

3
As

x 1. As means in the role of
Example: John works as a mechanic during summer vacation


More examples

The family uses their extra bedroom as a study
Alan uses his garage as a workshop
Mary works as an interpreter at the hospital
The perfume smelled as roses
The gym is also used as an auditorium
Peter volunteered as an ambulance driver


You can use these verbs before the preposition AS
act, choose, serve, substitute, use, volunteer, work

[انا شيعي من النجف]

بســـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــم الله الرحمن الرحيم
اللهم صل على محمد وآل محمد


الدرس الخامس من دروس حروف الجر



1
At


x 1. At can indicate location
Example: The women are at the supermarket


x 2. At At indicates a place of attendance
Example: The children are at school


x 3. At can indicate in the direction of; toward
Example: The small boy threw a rock at the window


x 4. At is used to express time
Example: We are leaving at four thirty


x 5. At can mean busy using something; working
Example: I have been at the computer all day


x 6. At can indicate a condition
Example: Those two countries have been at peace for ten years


x 7. At can indicate reaction
Example: We were shocked at the condition of the classrooms


x 8. At indicates a degree of skill
Example: Your son is good at tennis, but not very good at hockey


x 9. At can indicate a rate or level
Example: Mary tries to buy everything at a discount


x 10. At can indicate the highest possible degree in value
Example: At least she comes to work every day



More examples


She was waiting me at the bus stop
We aren't allowed to watch television when we are at dinner
She is at a meeting
The teacher smiled at the new girl
They laughted at John
We are leaving at four thirty
They went home at midnight
We always eat lunch at noon
I've been at the cash register all night
That couple is really great at playing ping pong


-------------------------------------------


2
Before


x 1. Before means earlier than or ahead of place
Example: We must leave before four o'clock



x 2. Before can mean in a more important position than
Example: She is so ambitious that she puts her job before her family


x 3. Before can mean facing or in front of
Example: The player had many adoring fans before him


x 4. Before can mean in the future
Example: The bride smiled as she thought of the happiness before her


x 5. Before can mean in the presence of
Example: I was told to appear before the judge





MORE EXAMPLES



If you arrive before us, please wait
The students finished the test before the given time
Summer began the day before yesterday
Just before sunset, the message arrived
A comes before B in the alphabet
The cartoons come before the movie
Alan gave a speech before the whole school
The teacher stood before the class and lectured
The troublemakers were called before the principal
Good health comes before money
Susan put her family before her new job


----------------------------


3
Behind



1. Behind means at the back of or in the rear of
Example: He sat behind her


2. Behind can mean in a place or time that has been passed or left by
Example: It's time to put your worries behind you


3. Behind can mean late or later than usual
Example: The train is behind schedule


4. Behind means supporting or encouraging
Example: The successful man had an ambitious woman behind him


5. Behind also means in pursuit of
Example: The police were hard behind the escapees




More Examples



My friend sits behind me in class
The trash can is behind the chair
Ahmad's financial problems are behind him because he is rich
I'm behind on my history reading
Michael was two steps behind the lead runner
Terry heard a car horn honking behind him on the highway
Peter stood behind his friends when they were in trouble
Alan's good personality is behind his success

[ايمان حسيني]

شكرا جزيلا لكم اخي
انا قمت بالدمج حفاظا على وحدة الموضوع بارك الله بكم وبجهودكم
كنت افضل لو كتبت الشرح بالعربي لتحقيق معدل اكبر بالاستفاده لبقية الاعضاء
فقد يصعب عليهم قراءة الشرح وفهمه بالانكليزي
عدا ذلك دروس قيمه جدا